Analgesic Utilization Patterns and Risk of Adverse Effects Among Adults in Tripoli, Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

 Analgesics are among the most commonly used medications 
worldwide, with widespread availability over-the-counter contributing to 
frequent self-medication. However, inappropriate use may lead to 
significant adverse effects. This study assessed analgesic utilization 
patterns, awareness, and adverse effect prevalence among adults in 
Tripoli, Libya. 
 
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 68 
adults aged ≥18 years in Tripoli, Libya, using a structured electronic 
questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics 
presented as frequencies and percentages. 
 
Results: All participants (100%) had used analgesics. Paracetamol was the 
most commonly used (75%), primarily for headache (47.1%). Self
medication was highly prevalent: 33.8% always used analgesics without 
medical consultation, and 50% did so sometimes. Although 97.1% 
demonstrated awareness of potential adverse effects, inappropriate 
practices persisted, including dose escalation (42.6%). Adverse effects were 
reported by 33.8%, predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms (stomach 
pain 16.7%, nausea 13.9%). 
 
Conclusion: Despite good awareness, self-medication and inappropriate 
analgesic use remain common, with one-third of users experiencing adverse 
effects. The gap between knowledge and practice necessitates enhanced 
public health education, pharmacist involvement, and regulatory measures 
for over-the-counter analgesic sales.